This policy brief, as part of the wider study “Knowledge ecosystems in the new ERA”, presents the European Competence Framework for Researchers ‘ResearchComp’, developed in line with the new ERA communication and the Skills Agenda, and based on the new taxonomy of researchers’ skills that the Commission formulated with stakeholders to update the European Skills, Competences, Qualifications and Occupations (ESCO) classification. ResearchComp is the first European competence framework that is directly linked to ESCO. Together with the new ESCO update, it will foster the recognition of the researcher profession, and support targeted training and inter-sectoral mobility.